Njengendlela yokuthutha emi nkqo, izinyusi azinakwahlulwa kubomi bemihla ngemihla babantu. Kwangaxeshanye, iilifti zikwaludidi olubalulekileyo lokuthengwa kwempahla karhulumente, kwaye phantse yonke imihla kukho iiprojekthi ezingaphezu kweshumi zokubhida kuluntu. Indlela yokuthenga iilifti inokonga ixesha kunye nomgudu, ixabiso lemali, kwaye uphephe iingxabano. Yingxaki ekufuneka wonke umthengi kunye ne-arhente ithathelwe ingqalelo. Enyanisweni, ukuhlangabezana nezi mfuno zingentla, kufuneka ubeke ingqalelo kwiinkcukacha ezincinci kuyo yonke inkqubo yokuthenga. Kolu shicilelo, siza kwazisa iinkcukacha ezilishumi ngokungqinelana nenkqubo yokuthengwa kweempahla neenkonzo.
1. Ukuzimisela kohlobo lwe-elevator
Ekuqaleni kwexesha lokucwangciswa kwesakhiwo, injongo yesakhiwo kufuneka icaciswe, kuba iintlobo ze-elevators ezisetyenziswa ngamahotele, izakhiwo zeofisi, izibhedlele, izindlu okanye amashishini oshishino kunye neemigodi zihlala zihluke kakhulu, kwaye xa zizimisele, Kunzima kakhulu ukutshintsha kwakhona. Emva kokusetyenziswa kwesakhiwo, uhlalutyo lokuhamba komkhweli lwenziwa ngokwezinto ezinjengendawo yesakhiwo, umgangatho (ubude), ukuhamba kwabantu abangena nabaphumayo, kunye nendawo yesakhiwo apho i-elevator ibekwe khona, ukuze kumiselwe isantya se-elevator (isantya esincinci kufuneka sihlangabezane neemfuno zokufika komlilo) kunye nomthamo womthwalo ( Umthwalo xa i-elevator imoto efunekayo ilayishwe ngokupheleleyo umatshini womatshini, igumbi elincinci lomatshini, igumbi elincinci lomatshini, i-elevator efunekayo igumbi, umatshini ongenagumbi), uhlobo lomatshini wokutsala (i-vortex ye-turbine yemveli kunye nongqamaniso olutsha olusisigxina lwemagnethi).
2.Ukucwangcisa ukuqalisa ukuthenga emva kokuvunywa
Ixesha lokuthenga liyacetyiswa ukuba uqalise ukuthenga emva kokucwangcisa ukuvunywa. Emva kokumisela uhlobo, isantya, umthamo womthwalo, inani lezinyusi, inani lokumisa, ukuphakama kwe-stroke iyonke, njl. Kwimisebenzi ye-elevator civil (ikakhulukazi i-elevator shaft), isebe loyilo lihlala liyingcali. Abavelisi be-elevator babonelela ngohlobo olufanayo lwemizobo yobunjineli obuqhelekileyo boluntu, kwaye bazobe imizobo ye-elevator yokwakha umphakathi ngokudibanisa nezakhiwo ezahlukeneyo zeelebhisi ze-elevator ezifana nesakhiwo sezitena, isakhiwo sekhonkrithi, isakhiwo sesitena-ikhonkrithi okanye isakhiwo sethambo lentsimbi. Lo bungakanani bubhekwa njengento eguquguqukayo kwaye inokuhlangabezana neemfuno zabakhiqizi ngokubanzi. Nangona kunjalo, iimfuno zobungakanani boyilo lwe-hoistway, igumbi lomatshini kunye nomngxuma wabavelisi abahlukeneyo be-elevator zisahluka. Ukuba umenzi unqunywe kwangaphambili, ukuyila ngokwemizobo yomenzi okhethiweyo kunokunciphisa inkunkuma yendawo yokusetyenziswa kunye nokunciphisa inkathazo yokwakha kwixesha elizayo. Ukuba i-hoistway inkulu, indawo iyachithwa; ukuba i-hoistway incinci, abanye abavelisi abanako ukwanelisa konke konke, kuyimfuneko ukunyusa iindleko zokuvelisa ngokwemveliso engekho-standard.
3. Ukhetho olunengqiqo lwabavelisi kunye neempawu
Abavelisi be-elevator kunye neempawu kwiimpawu ezinkulu ezisibhozo zehlabathi nabo banamabanga, kukho i-legion yokuqala kunye ne-legion yesibini. Kukho neenkampani ezininzi ze-elevator zasekhaya. I-elevator ikwayi penny. Iibhidi zeyunithi ezikumgangatho ofanayo zinokukhethwa ngokohlahlo lwabiwo-mali lwazo kunye nokuma kweprojekthi. Isenokukhethwa kwindawo enkulu, kwaye ekugqibeleni igqibe ukuba leliphi ibakala elisekelwe kwiqondo lomahluko. Kukho abathengisi kunye neearhente kwiikhetshi. Baya kuba namaxabiso aphezulu, kodwa banako ukukwazi ukutyala imali. Ngokuqhelekileyo khetha umenzi, ngoko umgangatho uqinisekisiwe, inkonzo inokufumana ingcambu, kodwa imigaqo yokuhlawula ifuna kakhulu. Umsebenzi woshishino kukufuna intlawulo yangaphambili, intlawulo epheleleyo okanye intlawulo esisiseko phambi kokuthunyelwa. Umzi-mveliso weelevator uya kuba nelayisenisi yoshishino efunekayo, ilayisenisi yokuvelisa ilifti, kunye namaxwebhu axhasayo afana nesiqinisekiso somgangatho weshishini lokwakha kunye nesatifikethi semvume yokhuseleko lofakelo.
4. I-interface kulula ukuyidlulisela
Ufakelo lwe-elevator yecandelo lojongano lunxulumene ngokusondeleyo neyunithi yolwakhiwo lwekontraka jikelele (ulwakhiwo kunye nofakelo), iyunithi yokhuselo lomlilo, kunye neyunithi yombane ebuthathaka. I-interface phakathi kwezi zibini kufuneka ichazwe ngokucacileyo, kwaye ukwakhiwa kufuneka kunikezelwe.
5. Ngenxa yesidingo sokukhetha umsebenzi we-elevator
Wonke umzi-mveliso weelevator unetafile yokusebenza yesinyusi, kwaye abasebenzi bokuthenga kufuneka baqonde imisebenzi yayo. Eminye imisebenzi inyanzelekile kwaye ayinakuyekwa. Eminye imisebenzi iyimfuneko kwi-elevator, kwaye akuyi kubakho khetho. Ezinye iimpawu zincedisa, azifunwa, unokukhetha. Khetha iimpawu ezisekelwe kwindawo yeprojekthi. Imisebenzi emininzi, ixabiso eliphezulu, kodwa oko akuyomfuneko. Ngokukodwa, umsebenzi we-elevator-free-barrier, iiprojekthi zokuhlala, akukho mfuneko enyanzelekileyo ekuvunyweni kokugqitywa, umkhuba oqhelekileyo awuyi kuqwalaselwa, kwi-elevator ye-stretcher, iinkcukacha zoyilo zineemfuno ezinyanzelekileyo. Kwiiprojekthi zokwakha zikawonkewonke, iimpawu zokufikeleleka kufuneka ziqwalaselwe. Ilungiselelo leqhosha le-elevator, ukuqwalasela ukulula, ubuhle, kodwa kwakhona ukuqwalasela uvakalelo lwesiTshayina kunye nabasemzini kumanani athile, i-13,14 kunye nokunye kunye noonobumba endaweni. Ngexesha lokubhida, umenzi we-elevator kufuneka acaphule iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokubhekisela xa ukhetha uhlobo.
6. Iingxabano ezicacileyo zokuphepha amaxabiso
Ixabiso elipheleleyo leprojekthi ye-elevator kufuneka ibandakanye onke amaxabiso ezixhobo, iindleko zokuthutha, iirhafu (kwileli), iintlawulo ze-inshurensi, iifizi zokufakela, iintlawulo zokugunyazisa kunye nabavelisi kwisibophelelo somnini-ntengiso kwangaphambili, iwaranti emva kokuthengisa kunye nezinye iindleko ezihambelanayo, kodwa apha kufuneka uchaze, kumzi-mveliso Xa isebe lokwakha lihambisa i-elevators ezigqityiweyo kunye nezamkelweyo kumnini weendleko, umnini-mpahla kufuneka abe umnini weendleko, umnini-mali. umrhumo wobhaliso, umrhumo wokuhlolwa kofakelo lokwamkelwa, umrhumo wokuhlola umlilo (izixhobo), kunye nomrhumo wonyaka wokuhlolwa kweelevator. Ezi ndleko ezinxulumeneyo zikhankanywe ngasentla, zombini unikezelo kunye nemfuno kufuneka ziphunyezwe kwikhontrakthi kangangoko kunokwenzeka, kwaye ukususa uxanduva lwamaqela omabini ngefomu ebhaliweyo yeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuphepha iingxabano. Ngexesha lokubhida, abavelisi be-elevator kufuneka bachaze ixabiso lokunxiba iinxalenye kunye neendleko zokuzigcina. Iindleko zeli sebe zibandakanya iindleko zokusebenza kwixesha elizayo, kwaye inkampani yepropathi ixhalabele ngakumbi.
7. Ixesha lonikezelo locwangciso lulonke
Umnini unokucela umenzi welifti ukuba achaze umhla wokuhanjiswa kwenkqubela phambili yolwakhiwo lwasekuhlaleni lwesakhiwo. Ngoku ixesha lonikezelo lomthengisi jikelele lithatha iinyanga ezi-2 kunye nesiqingatha ukuya kwiinyanga ezi-4, kwaye izixhobo zokuphakamisa isakhiwo ngokubanzi zibekwe kakuhle kwisakhiwo. Kuyacetyiswa ukuba uchithe ii-cranes zenqaba zangaphandle. Ukuba ifika ngaphambi koku, ngokuqinisekileyo kuya kubangela iingxaki zokugcina kunye nokugcinwa, kwaye emva koko, kuya kuba neendleko zesibini zokuphakamisa kunye nokuphatha. Ngokuqhelekileyo, umzi-mveliso we-elevator uya kuba nexesha lamahhala lokugcina ixesha elithile. Ukuba ayiziswanga ngeli xesha, umzi-mveliso uya kuhlawulisa umrhumo othile.
8.Beka ilifti ibe ngamakhonkco amathathu amakhulu
I-elevator elungileyo, kufuneka silawule ezi khonkco zintathu zilandelayo (ezikwabizwa ngokuba zizigaba ezintathu).
Okokuqala, umgangatho weemveliso zezixhobo ze-elevator, ezifuna ukuba abavelisi be-elevator baqinisekise umgangatho weemveliso zabo; kuba iilifti zizixhobo ezikhethekileyo, umgangatho wemveliso wamashishini anezatifikethi zemveliso uhlala ungenayo ingxaki enkulu, kodwa ukuqina kunye nokuzinza kuya kuhluka ngokuqinisekileyo.
Okwesibini kukubeka ingqalelo kwinqanaba lokufakela kunye nokugunyaziswa. Umgangatho wofakelo ubaluleke kakhulu. Iqela lofakelo lomzi-mveliso ngamnye we-elevator ngokusisiseko yeyabo okanye intsebenziswano yexesha elide. Kukwakho neemvavanyo. Ukugunyaziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kusingathwa yifektri ye-elevator.
Okwesithathu, inkonzo emva kokuthengisa, emva kokuba i-elevator ithengisiwe, kukho iqela lokulondoloza elijongene nalo. Umzi-mveliso we-elevator uya kutyikitya isivumelwano solondolozo kunye nenkampani yepropathi, eqinisekisa ukuqhubeka komsebenzi wefektri ye-elevator. Ukugcinwa okufanelekileyo kunye nokugcinwa ngexesha elifanelekileyo kunye nolawulo lokugcinwa luqinisekisa umgangatho we-elevator. Ke ngoko, kwasekuqaleni kweminyaka yee-1990, ilizwe lakhupha uxwebhu olunentloko ebomvu nguMphathiswa wezoKwakha, oluchaza ngokucacileyo ukuba iimveliso zeelevator ziveliswa yinkonzo yomenzi “yokumisa enye”, oko kukuthi, umenzi weelevator uqinisekisa, ufaka, ulungisa kwaye ugcina izixhobo zonyuso eziveliswa sisikheshi. Unoxanduva.
9. Ulwamkelo lwe-elevator alunamsebenzi
I-elevators zizixhobo ezikhethekileyo, kwaye i-State Bureau of Technical Supervision inenkqubo yokwamkelwa, kodwa ngokuqhelekileyo inoxanduva lokhuseleko, kwaye iphinda ixakeke ngokuhlola. Ngoko ke, umnini kunye neyunithi yokulawula kufuneka baqhube ngokungqongqo ukuvunywa kokukhupha, ukubeka iliso kwinkqubo, ukwamkelwa okufihliweyo, ukwamkelwa komsebenzi njalo njalo. Kufuneka ihlolwe kwaye yamkelwe ngokwemiqathango yokwamkelwa kwe-elevator kunye nemisebenzi echazwe kwikhontrakthi, kunye nokwamkelwa kwe-elevator enye kwi-elevator enye.
10.Ukhuseleko lolawulo lomntu okhethekileyo
Ukufakwa kunye nokugunyaziswa kwe-elevator kugqityiwe, ukwamkelwa kwangaphakathi kugqityiwe, kwaye imiqathango yokusetyenziswa idibene. Ngokutsho kwemimiselo, i-elevator ayivumelekanga ukuba isetyenziswe ngaphandle kokuvunywa kwe-bureau ye-technical supervision, kodwa ngokuqhelekileyo i-elevator yangaphandle iye yachithwa ngeli xesha, kwaye omnye umsebenzi weyunithi yephakheji jikelele awugqitywanga, kwaye i-elevator yangaphakathi iyadingeka. Iyunithi ye-elevator kunye nekontraka jikelele basayine isivumelwano, iyunithi ye-elevator ilungiselela umntu okhethekileyo ukuba avule i-elevator, kunye neyunithi yephakheji jikelele isebenzisa i-elevator ngokweemfuno zeyunithi ye-elevator kwaye ithwala iindleko. Emva kokuba iprojekthi igqityiwe ngokupheleleyo, yenza uhlolo olubanzi kunye nokugcinwa. Emva kokugqitywa kweprojekthi, inkampani ye-elevator inikezelwa kwiyunithi yokugcina, kwaye iphakheji ngokubanzi inikezelwa kwinkampani yepropati ukuze ilawule.
Ixesha lokuposa: Mar-07-2022